Gulls (Laridae)

These birds are known for their loud calls, social behavior, and ability to thrive in human-altered environments. They're often seen scavenging around food sources, especially near waste areas, docks, and landfills. Gull droppings, like other bird droppings, contain uric acid, which can damage buildings, vehicles, and other surfaces over time.

What are gulls?

Gulls are medium to large birds often found near coastlines, lakes, and rivers. They are part of the Laridae family, and adult gulls typically have gray or white feathers, webbed feet, and strong, hooked beaks. While many people refer to them as seagulls, this term isn’t technically correct; there are several different species, including herring gulls and ring-billed gulls.

The lifecycle of gulls

A typical gull’s life begins in a nest built on rooftops, cliffs, or other elevated spots. Gulls usually lay two to three eggs, which hatch after about three weeks. Chicks stay in the nest for several weeks before learning to fly. Gulls can live up to 20 years and often return to the same nesting sites year after year, especially if food and shelter remain available. Because of this, once established, gull problems can grow quickly.

Seasonal behaviors of gulls

Tending to breed in spring and summer, gulls may become more aggressive while defending their nests. In late summer, flocks of gulls may gather in large numbers around food-rich areas. Migration patterns depend on species. Some, like herring gulls, stay close to their nesting sites year-round, while others travel long distances to warmer climates in winter.

Habitat and diet of gulls

Highly adaptable, these birds can live in coastal regions as well as urban environments. Knowing where they settle and what draws them in is the first step in managing their presence.

Preferred environments of gulls

Gulls live in coastal areas, cities, and inland sites. Flat spots like rooftops, ledges, and docks offer shelter and access to food. They often return to the same nesting site each year, making gull problems tough to manage without early action.

What do gulls eat? 

Opportunistic feeders, gulls eat insects, small animals, discarded human food, and even other birds' eggs. This diet helps them survive in a variety of environments, but it also puts them in direct conflict with humans.

Trash bins, fishing docks, and landfills attract gulls looking for easy feeding opportunities. Managing these food sources is a major step in reducing gull problems.

Managing gulls

When gulls settle, they can quickly become a challenge, bringing noise, mess, and health concerns.

Preventing infestations of gulls

As with other pest bird species, preventing gulls starts with limiting access to food sources and nesting areas. Secure trash bins, clean up waste, and don’t feed birds intentionally or accidentally. Regular maintenance can help spot early signs of nesting before it becomes a larger issue.

Effective gull control methods

The most effective way to deal with gull problems often involves a combination of bird control methods like bird spikes or netting, where gulls may settle. While visual and sound-based seagull deterrents may work in the short term, they’re usually not enough on their own.

If seagulls are becoming a health risk or damaging property, it’s time to call in the experts. Presto-X technicians can assist with gull identification and implement gull control measures.

Frequently asked questions